![]() ![]() Of the cittern and the guitar, is generally a fingerboard zither. The modern European zither, which developed from the Scheitholt zither and adopted characteristics Zithers Without Fingerboards: The Instruments – until around the 1940s – zithers without fingerboards were a significant phenomenon in industrially construction and During a period of approximately fifty years Period, as a part and result of this process: zithers without fingerboards. Particular group of "newly discovered" chordophones can be understood, more than any other type of instrument of this These three aspects of capitalistic industrial production marked the development of musical instruments at the end of the 19th century in an essential way. ensuring continuing new sales through innovations. ![]() The enlargement of the target group, thus of potential buyers ģ. The musical instrumentĪs product is subjected to a distribution mechanism determined by its owns laws and a sales strategy. Their contact takes place more and more trough tradesmen andĭistribution companies, whereby the printed instrument catalogue takes on an important function. Separation of manufacturer and musician-player. New forms of distribution and sales cause the increasing These, a mechanism is necessary that is today called marketing. Known, this stems from the fact that industrial production requires steady and increasing sales. Since industrial production I tied to its own set of laws that are not determined by the product itself. However,Īs soon as the industrial manufacture of musical instruments began, the traditional circle of function began to change, Quantitative change: the increase in instruments produced served a larger target group of interested persons. Heyde 1979, 49f.)Īt first industrial instrument construction fulfilled the same mediating function as traditional instrument construction. 1: Functional cycle of musical instrument development (cf. These elements form a circulatory cycle, in which musical instrument constructionįig. Praxis, "postulate" (meaning all expectations and demands related to sound and playing technique), technical realization Instrument construction is a mediator between the determinants of the whole system, which include the elements: musical 1 reflects the whole system of musical instrument development (Heyde 1979, 49f. This mass production of instruments, which already had taken place since the 18th century inįactories particularly in England, at first fulfilled the same functions as traditional musical instrument construction. Production during the second half of the 19th century also extended to the manufacture of musical The general rise of large-scale industrial Understanding of folk music that changed earlier conceptualizations. Both aspects, the economic and the ideological,įorm in their mutual dependence the basis for the emergence of a new form of music-making practice and of a specific the concept – or construct – of "folk music instrument" at the beginning of the 20th century in central Europe. the industrially manufacture of musical instruments andĢ. Will serve here as a point of departure for our description of a new development in musical instrument construction andġ. These changes were produced from the concurrence of numerous factors, of which two In this climate, the transmitted forms of customary General education in the schools as well as educational associations forĪdults experienced an upswing that had been unknown until then. General folk and were partially assimilated. Objects ofīourgeois education, until then only available to the upper classes, penetrated increasingly into the culture of the The democratization of petit bourgeoisie and proletarian cultural life and the aspiration of thoseĬlasses for their own forms of culture had numerous consequences that greatly affected musical life. Social developments in late 19th-century Europe and changes in that continent's cultural an economic life led to transformed conditions in the musical life of the lower Industrially Produced Zithers Without Fingerboards: Changes in Central European Concepts of Folk Musical Instruments Industrially Produced Zithers Without FingerboardsĬhanges in Central European Concepts of Folk Musical Instruments ![]()
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